The Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine is made up of active ingredients like nucleic acids, proteins,  lipids, salts and sugars and the vaccine is known as BNT162b.

Nucleic acids and Proteins

mRNA is the actual genetic material that has genetic information from the virus and since it is delicate to temperature this vaccine has to be stored at -73 degrees centigrade until used. This RNA helps human cells to make only a harmless spike protein of coronavirus and human body reacts to it by generating antibodies against it which is called immunization. When immunized person encounters with actual virus then these already generated antibodies will fight against it. Since the actual sequence of mRNA is not clearly mentioned by Pfizer, its efficacy is doubted

Lipids

The RNA has to reach the target without getting damaged so it is coated with lipid nanoparticles of around 100 nanometers size which resembles the size of the coronavirus. AlC-0315 is the primary ingredient of lipid among four different lipids used as it gives positive charge and RNA has negative charge so that both can stick together.

Salts

This vaccine has four types of salts called phosphate buffered saline or PBS to keep the pH of vaccine close to human body.

Sugars

Sucrose is the sugar that acts as a cryoprotectant for nanoparticles while the vaccine is frozen.

Saline solution is mixed with vaccine to match the salt content of blood when given intravenously as injection. This vaccine is not having any preservatives like thimerosal which can cause autism. So no preservatives and no microchips in Pfizer.